12.Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon

Methane

Molecular formula: CH4

Structural formula:

 

First member of alkane

Uses

The five uses of Methane are:

1. It is used to manufacture water gas or hydrogen gas.

2. It is used in the form of LPG for domestic use.

3. It is used for making printing ink.

4. It is used for making Carbon Black needed for paints and in rubber industries.

5. It is used as a gaseous fuel in industries and household works.

Ethane

Molecular formula: C 2H6

Structural formula:

Second member of alkane family

Uses

Used as gases fuel

Preparing the organic compounds

Alcohol

Organic compounds containing the hydroxyl group attached to saturated carbon atoms or hydrocarbon radicals are known as alcohol.

Ethyl –alcohol (C2H5OH)

Structural formula:

Preparation

By oxidation of glucose in the presence of yeast

C 2H12O6→ C2H5OH  + 2CO2

Physical properties of alcohol

1. It is colorless liquid but has taste

2. It is soluble in water.

3. Its boiling point is 780C and freezing point is -1140C.

The uses of alcohol are as follows:
I. It is used for dry cleaning.
II. It is used as alcoholic beverage.
III. It is used in making paint, varnish, medicine, synthetic rubber etc

Glycerol (C3 H5(OH)3)

Glycerol is the simplest trihydric alcohol. It occurs in almost all the natural animal fats and vegetable oils. It is proposed by hydrolysis of fat or oil in presence of alkali.

Physical properties

Soluble in water

Colorless viscous liquid

Sweat taste

The uses of glycerol are as follows:
I. It is used to make toilet soaps and cosmetic goods.
II. It is used to make printing inks and stamp pad inks.
III. It is used for the preservation of tobacco, fruits and other edible substances.

Diethyl ether (C2H5 –O - C2H5)

Preparation: By heating the ethyl alcohol in the presence of conc. H2SO4 at 2700C

2C2H5 OH C2H5 –O - C2H5   + H2O

The physical properties of ether are:

1. It is colorless volatile liquid with pleasant smell.

2. It is slightly soluble in water but readily soluble in alcohol.

3. Its freezing point is -1160C and boiling point is 350C

The uses of ether are:

1. It is used as a solvent.

2. It is used as cooling agent.

3. It is used as purifying compounds by extracting.